ࡱ> LZ( / 0DArialww ||00:A 0DTimes New Roman0:A 0 DShebreww Roman0:A 0 C .  @n?" dd@  @@`` $$h$,y&  A+%55V7/.8_+& >  OU               1   ! \ F          -   * deghikm{ 0AApf@Φ ʚ;ޘo:ʚ;g4OdOd:A 0ppp@ <4dddd@$ 0|/ <4dddd@ # 0|<4!d!d@ # 0|20___PPT10 ___PPT9( )$:-$;<<$=(>(+$?$,@A<  B/1(?  O  =W+ylNT 602SNew Testament Survey Charles Sunwood, Whitesburg Heritage Bible College, 2007"T,; (JamesA. Theme A manual of Christian conduct for practical, everyday affairs of life. James assumes a foundation of faith, upon which Christian works will be built. ," $ )JamesXB. Background 1. Destination of the epistle Written to the  twelve tribes who are dispersed abroad. Some early Christian writers understood the reference to mean the entirety of the literal Jewish nation. Others felt that the reference was to be understood symbolically meaning it was directed to the entire Christian church, which is  spiritual Israel. Most likely, meant for the Christian Jews throughout the Roman empire.N-" Z" Z-& & :JamesJewish items in the epistle would lay stress on the Jewish nature Strictly Christian directives would point to a Jewish Christian audience The  diaspora reference would call to mind the ancient dispersion of the northern tribes of Israel, but would primarily refer to the persecution and subsequent scattering of Palestine Christian Jews (Acts 18:1; 11:19)$f" f& f-James` 2. Authorship and canonicity Claimed to be James (Greek equiv. of Jacob) No other clarificationX" C" $& C& a;JamesOne of the four James in the NT Father of Judas (Lk 6:16) (not Judas Iscariot): his life is too obscure Son of Alphaeus, one of the Apostles (Mt 10:3) H" James the Less (Mk 15:40): if so, he probably would have mentioned his apostleship Another apostle named James, the son of Zebedee, the brother of the beloved apostle John (Mt 4:21): his martyrdom in 44AD eliminates him as the probable author` " Zl" Z &&& <JamesMost plausible: James the brother of Jesus the leader of the Jerusalem church (Acts 12:17; 15:13; 21:18)  his prominence required no further identification (cf. Mt 13:55; Gal 1:19 with Acts 12:17; Gal 2:9, 12; Jude 1) Striking similarity between the vocabulary of this epistle and the speech of James at the Council of Jerusalem  Greetings (charein) (1:1 ! Acts 15:23)  To visit (episkeptomai) (1:27 ! Acts 15:14)  To turn (epistrepho) (5:19-20 ! Acts 15:19)  The fair name by which you have been called (2:7 !  who are called by My name Acts 15:17)  Listen, my beloved brethren (2:5 !  Brethren, listen to me Acts 15:13)J+" ZK" Z+$K$ v=JamesThe epistle of James was slow in being recognized as canonical by the early church. Question arose as to its canonicity by the early church fathers Finally gained recognition by the time of Council of Carthage in 397 AD rT" " " " T&& >JamesThe reasons for hesitation The original thrust of the letter was toward a Jewish Christianity, but once the Jewish Christians became the minority, the letter would have appeared to have lost its appeal James was not one of the apostles Uncertainty of the identity of James J" " && +James  3. Date and Place of Writing Many scholars propose early date of authorship 45-50 AD If the above date is correct, then it would be the first book of the NT Since James is always associated with Jerusalem in biblical literature after his conversion, the place of writing was in JerusalemH" " $& ! ?James 4. The life of James James: brother of Jesus (Mt 13:55) What is the relationship? Some conjectures, suggestions, apocryphal writings, etc. Disbelief of Jesus as Messiah in Mark 3:21 and John 7:2-8J" " & & ,JamesWhy did Jesus commit His mother Mary into the care of apostles John from the cross? And not to James or his other brothers and sister(s)? Mary was the real mother of them all (Mt 12:46-50; 13:55; Mk 6:3; Jn 2:12; 7:3, 10) Mary s discipleship would have alienated her from the unbelieving brothers and sister(s), until they believed after the resurrection (cf. Act 1:14)$r" r& r"@JamesRJames was an unbeliever  after resurrection, Jesus appeared to him (1 Cor 15:7), then became a follower (Acts 1:14) Within 5 years after Jesus s ascension, James was an apostle (Gal 1:9) Became an overseer of the Jerusalem church At the Council of Jerusalem (50 AD), James was the final spokesman$*" *& *$AJameslAfter Paul s return to Jerusalem at the end of his 3rd missionary journey, James met with Paul (Acts 21:18-26), then the Scripture is silent about James James s death: tradition varies Josephus: stoned by ruling of Ananius the high priest in 62 AD Hegesippus: thrown down off the wing of the Temple, stoned and beaten to death by Jews enraged by James s preaching about Jesus Man of large influence, impressive character and intense piety" Z" Z?" Z4&.&&?& %BJamesHegesippus (living in the 2nd C): James was known as  the Just ; lived life of such holiness and piety that even the unbelieving Jews respected him Prayer warrior; prayed for pardon for the peopleF" &.& /JamesC. Purpose of writing Very little is known about the historical background of the writing of the epistle. the content of the letter suggests that the reader were - undergoing trials (1:2-12; 5:10-11) - were lax morally (1:22-25; 4:1-11) - were somewhat confused doctrinally (1:13-16) Aware of the situation, James wrote to correct their moral and doctrinal problems. The general purpose is to have the readers support with their lives what they said with their lips.$" & 1JamesD. Summary Outline$" &  Homework: Due: Mon., April 14, 2008 Read: pgs. 525-549 for quizJ" ( /  #$%&'!(#)&*'+  ` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>-K0 f(    6(  `}  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0l ^ `  >*  00 ^   @*  0 ^ `  @*H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.sWs Default Design 0 2*0 (    0 P    >*   0     @* d  c $ ?    00  0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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