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O  =a/ylNT 601SNew Testament Survey Charles Sunwood, Whitesburg Heritage Bible College, 2007"T,; :Synoptic GospelsRA. Common features in the Synoptic Gospels 1. Chronological outlines a. Introduce Jesus as a unique person b. Proceeds to proclaim the good news about Him (1) Recounting events (2) teaching organized around the 4 periods of Jesus s public ministry (a) Period of preparation (b) The ministry in Galilee (c) The journey to Judea and ministry in and around Judea (d) Jesus s final week in Jerusalem, His death and resurrection^GV]GV]  ;Synoptic Gospels<Synoptic Gospelsj 2. Sequence of events within the same outline a. Within the common broad outline, the three Gospels frequently follow the same order of events. b. Their sequence of events may lead to a climax with all of them ending the thread of events at the same place. c. And then after a certain interval they again take up the narration at the same juncture of events :0;0:=Synoptic Gospels 3. Agreement in literary formulations a. Agreement in the structure of the event In the story of the paralytic let down through the roof, all three break their narratives in the same way (Mt 9:6; Mark 2:10, 11; Lk 5:24). b. Agreement in vocabulary In identifying John the Baptist, all three quote Isaiah 40:3, and all three agree in departing from the LXX their quotation (Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4):)i)h>Synoptic GospelsB. Differences within the Synoptic Gospels 1. Materials peculiar to individual Gospels - Birth stories (Mt 1:18-2:23; Lk 1:5-2:52) - Genealogies (Mt 1:1-17; Lk 3:23-38) - Peter walking on water (Mt 14:28-31) - Coin in the mouth of fish (Mt 17:24-27) - Luke 9:15-18:14: unique:YY?Synoptic Gospels@Synoptic Gospels 2. Differences in parallel accounts a. Three temptation of Jesus b. Healing the centurion s servant at Capernaum L&R&1ASynoptic Gospelsc. Sermon on the Mount Matthew longer than Luke Some of Luke s not in Matthew Some of Matthew s scattered in Luke,[[BSynoptic Gospels 3. Transposed episodes related in different contexts a. Healing of the centurion s servant 2`7&CSynoptic Gospels; b. All of the Gospels have accounts of events in connection with Passion Week All contain numerous differences No two records contain exactly the same series of events * Synoptic gospels contain close resemblances and striking divergence. These three are so much alike. How, then, the differences are explained?VO[IIO[IIDSynoptic GospelsII. Synoptic Problem A. The Conservative Presuppositions 1. The Holy Spirit John 14:25, 26; 16:12-15 2. Historical Account similarities authors 3. Individual perspectives 0&ESynoptic Gospels&B. Proposed solutions Little attention was given until the 18th C. Tatian s Diatessaron (c. AD 160) Augustine s response to pagan accusationsL'  9FSynoptic Gospels 1. Early proposals a. The Original Gospel Theory G. E. Lessing, 1778 Three drew materials from or translated from Urevangelium, which was in Aramaic, but lost Original source: Gospel of Nazarenes Jerome mentions as current in the 4th C. J. G. Eichhorn, 1804 Further elaborated this theory in a complicated and artificial way Original Aramaic: Apostolic rough draft 9 gospels came out of this 3 synoptics: result of the 9 being recast, enlarged and/or abbreviated No historical support pb.: e.g. genealogies6PPP)PPkPbPPP!--%#    kb  GSynoptic Gospels b. The Independence Theory J. J. Griesbach, 1789 Mutual dependence 1st writer: depended on oral tradition as well as written sources 2nd writer drew upon the first 3rd writer: the preceding two following suggestions of Augustine, considered Matthew Mark @T   HSynoptic GospelsC. Lachmann, 1835 Mark This is the order most critics accept today This theory paved the way for Documentary hypothesis or source theory Almost accepted principle for most critical scholars Accounts for similarities, but not the differences Ethical concernsj1(y1(  yISynoptic Gospels c. The Oral Tradition Theory J. G. Herder, 1796; J. K. L. Gieseler, 1818; B. F. Westcott, 1851 Apostles preached in Aramaic Only an oral gospel behind the synoptic Gospels No written sources Witnesses spread it repreached and memorized Preached in Greek for the Gentiles Gieseler: produced prototype Each evangelist formed a Gospel to suit the needs of his own community Matthew: Palestine Mark: under the influence of Peter, modified Palestine gospel Luke: reflected Pauline gospel Wescott: wide acceptance for a time PBPPpP$P Btp$JSynoptic GospelsThis theory (Oral) Underlying assumption of the early church fathers Papias and Irenaeus (170 AD) Practice of rabbis to transmit their teachings orally Early Christians would unlikely deviate from this practice Certainty that the Gospels were first preached before it was written the apostolic circle was primarily of preachers, not writers Difficult to have flexibility to expand as each author saw necessary Differences in some important areas like Passion Week.;!b~;!b~KSynoptic Gospels d. The Fragment Theory F. Schleiermacher, 1817 Apostles wrote the words of Jesus as they were known to witnesses A large number of fragmentary accounts were collected by the Evangelists When they used the same fragments, their accounts agreed Analysis: - Recognizes both the written and oral - Absence of traces of the early records Schleiermacher contends for - Unable to account for the similarities especially for the sequences - Sets the stage for other critical theories, especially Form criticismxZZZ Z    Synoptic Gospels ,(Synoptic Gospels ,)Synoptic Gospels ,*Synoptic Gospels ,+Synoptic Gospels ,,Synoptic Gospels ,-Synoptic Gospels ,.Synoptic Gospels ,/Synoptic Gospels ,0Synoptic Gospels ,1Synoptic Gospels ,2Synoptic Gospels ,3Synoptic Gospels ,4Synoptic Gospels ,Homework8Due: Mon., October 01, 2007 Read: pgs. 113-130 for quizL" (   0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>^N0 f(    6  `}  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     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33___PPT10.+D' = @B Du' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*47%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*47^%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*4%(+J  0^N0 ,8\(  8x 8 c $0 `    8 c $0 `<$D0  H 8 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.+YD' = @B Du' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8O%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8Op%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*8p%(+v 0^N0 ,<\(  <x < c $0 `    < c $0 `<$D0  H < 0޽h ? 33:2___PPT10.+YD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<;%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<;Q%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<Ql%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<l%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*<%(+  0^N0 ,@\(  @x @ c $000 `    @ c $840 `<$D0  H @ 0޽h ? 33J B ___PPT10" .+YD ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@E%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@Eh%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*@h%(+  0^N0 ,D\(  Dx D c $G0 `    D c $LL0 `<$D0  H D 0޽h ? 33f^___PPT10>.+YD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D6%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D6J%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*DJ%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*DJ%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*DJr%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Dr%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*D%(+u# 0^N0 ZR,H(  Hx H c $z0 `    H c $T0 `<$D0  B H 0DԔ @  ,$D 0B H 0D3fԔp  ,$D 0B H 0DԔp  ,$D 0 H 0 pz ,$ 0 6Luke 2H H 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.+ D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H4%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H4F%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*HF%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*H%(+8+0+H0 +! 0^N0 -L+(  Lx L c $ e0 `    L c $p0 `<$D0  B L 0DԔ ,$D0 L 0P p,$0 9Matthew 2 L 0ɓP  p,$0 6Luke 2B L 0DԔ ,$D0H L 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.+P1D' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(DA' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BBBB0B%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*LC%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*LCb%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Lb%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*L%(+p+0+L0 ++0+L0 +  0^N0 -P\(  Px P c $0 `    P c $\0 `<$D0  H P 0޽h ? 33f^___PPT10>.+YD' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P b%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Pb%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P1%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P1x%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Px%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*P %(+ 0^N0  -T\(  Tx T c $0 `    T c $,0 `<$D0  H T 0޽h ? 33vn___PPT10N.+YD"' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Tc%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Tc%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*TW%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*TW%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*T%(+ 0^N0 0-X\(  Xx X c $0 `    X c $0 `<$D0  H X 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.+YD^' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X2%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X2t%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Xt%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X)%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X)o%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*Xo%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*X%(+ 0^N0 *` <(  ` x ` c $|0 `   x ` c $ `   ` 08 P,$D0 pB. Modern Theory 1. Source theories or documentary hypothesis This theory states in essence that - Matthew and Luke based most of their narrative on Mark - drew most of Jesus s sayings or teaching from a lost document  Q - added distinctive material of their own"!Ap`PpH ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.+ksDn' = @B D)' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` @%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` @e%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#styl