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O  =L$ylNT 601SNew Testament Survey Charles Sunwood, Whitesburg Heritage Bible College, 2007"T,; #Synoptic Gospels ,Synoptic Gospels ,"Synoptic Gospels ,%Synoptic Gospels ()Synoptic GospelsOmissions in the Gospel of John. These include: The Genealogy of Jesus The Nativity of Jesus. The Baptism of Jesus. The fate of John the Baptist The Temptation of Christ Satan, only mentioned once, in 13:27, versus 4 times in Matthew, 6 times in Mark, 5 times in Luke. The name of the mother of Jesus. John never names her. Also, Jesus never addresses his mother as "Mother" but as "Woman." The names of the brothers of Jesus. Technically, there are no parables in John. Major synoptic speeches of Jesus are absent, including all of the Sermon on the Mount and the Olivet discourse and the instructions that Jesus gave to his disciples when he sent them out throughout the country to heal and preach (as in Matthew 10 and Luke 10). Instead the major speeches according to John are at the Sea of Galilee 6:22-71, the temple 7:14-8:59, and the last supper 13-17. Organization and list of the Twelve Apostles.v0PeP0   2*Synoptic GospelsFOmissions (cont.) The Publicans, tax collectors for the Roman Empire, figure prominently in the Synoptic, but are never mentioned by John. The Samaritan ban. Jesus in the Synoptic, primarily the Gospel of Matthew, forbids his disciples to preach to the Samaritans (Matt 10:5, 15:24, Luke 17:11). In John, he issues no such prohibition and even preaches to the Samaritans himself (4). (Also in John, Jesus is accused of being a Samaritan - and never denies it  8:48-52) The Jesus' Exorcisms. Several of the miracles in the Synoptic are exorcisms of demons. Beelzebub is mentioned in Matt 10:25, 12:22-29, Mark 3:20-35, and Luke 11:14-22. Not one mention in John. The visit to Nazareth. In the Synoptic, Jesus pays a crucial visit to his hometown of Nazareth. The Synoptic story about a man possessed by a whole legion of demons is missing in John. The second miraculous multiplication of food. The Transfiguration. The proclamation "This is my beloved Son; hear him." It appears in Matthew 17:5, Mark 9:7, and Luke 9:35, but is found nowhere in John. $PP$+Synoptic GospelsOmissions (cont.) Bartimaeus. The synoptic story of the healing of a blind man of Jericho is missing in John. Related is John 9. The outcome of the plot against Lazarus. John says there was a plot to kill Lazarus (John 12:9-11), but says no more about it or even whether it was successful or not - and if not, why not. The Triumphal entry into Jerusalem. The Passover Seder. The Synoptic describe the Last Supper as a Passover gathering, on Nisan 15, but John says that the supper was on the evening before Passover started, Nisan 14. The institution of the Eucharist is a prominent part of the accounts of the Last Supper in the Synoptic, but it is totally omitted by John. The agony of Gethsemane. The other Gospels describe Jesus suffering great agony in the olive grove before his arrest. The Kiss of Judas is omitted. The healing of Malchus' ear. In the Synoptic, an unnamed disciple cuts off the ear of a servant of the High Priest. John names the disciple as Peter and leaves out any mention of Jesus healing the injury. The Tears of Peter. The Synoptic report that Peter wept when he realized he had denied knowing Jesus. John omits any mention of Peter crying. $PP,Synoptic GospelsOmissions (cont.) The interrogation at the home of Caiaphas. John writes that Jesus was interrogated at the homes of both Annas and Caiaphas. However, only a very brief account of the first interrogation is included, and no account of the second. The Sanhedrin Trial. A man named Simon, from Cyrene, was forced by the Romans to carry the cross of Jesus for part of the Via Dolorosa, as Jesus was too weak or weakened to carry it Himself all the way. "O Jerusalem, Jerusalem!" Matthew and Luke record a beautiful poetic lament by Jesus over the fate of Jerusalem. Absent in John. The cry of Jesus on the Cross, "My God, My God, why have you forsaken me?" as written in the Synoptic, is omitted by John. Jesus' promise to the repentant thief: "Today you'll be with me in Paradise" is also missing in John. "Forgive them, Father, for they do not know what they are doing," is also omitted by John. The earthquake and the darkening of the sky, prominent in the Synoptic, are entirely missing in John. $PP-Synoptic GospelsOmissions (cont.) The other women at the tomb. In the synoptic, a group of five women come to the tomb of Jesus and find it empty. In John, only Mary Magdalene is mentioned. The Ascension. Faith. The word "faith," a very important and frequently used word in the Synoptic, is missing in John. The concept is only expressed once: "Be not faithless but believing." (John 20:27). Repentance. Similarly the word "repent" is not found in the Book of John Forgiveness. The words "forgive," "forgiving," "forgiven," and "forgiveness," all very prominent in the Synoptic, are not found in John. Gospel. Also unlike the synoptic, John contains no instance of the word evangelion, meaning "good news," "good tidings," or "gospel." Compassion. The word "compassion" appears six times in the Gospel of Matthew, five times in the Gospel of Mark, three times in the Gospel of Luke. Gospel of John: Zero. Eternal sin. Confession of Peter. The Fig Tree. Render unto Caesar$PP.Synoptic GospelsOmissions (cont.) Woes of the Pharisees. You're either with us, or against us. The Lord's Prayer. The Teaching about Divorce. Love, even of enemies. John has much to say about loving your friends, "love one another" - but nothing at all about loving or forgiving your enemies. Details of the Second Coming of the Son of Man are largely absent in John, however there is related discussion of the Last Day (6:39-54, 11:24, 12:48) and Jesus promises to Come Again in 14:3 if he should ever leave his disciples. &Synoptic Gospels ,'Synoptic Gospels ,(Synoptic GospelsWhy is Synoptic problem important the cornerstone of historical critical scholarship of the gospels Exegesis Redaction criticism Form criticism Historicity Early church history Text of the gospelsH"!B a "BaHomework[Due: Mon., October 8, 2007 Nothing Due: Mon., October 15, 2007 Read: pgs. 131-169 for quiz|?"  ( ((((   0` 33` Sf3f` 33g` f` www3PP` ZXdbmo` \ғ3y`Ӣ` 3f3ff` 3f3FKf` hk]wwwfܹ` ff>>\`Y{ff` R>&- {p_/̴>?" dd@,|?" dd@   " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>>^N0 $(    6  `}  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0  `  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0 ^ `  X*  0h ^   Z*  0l ^ `  Z*H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.sWs Default Design0 0 *(    0l P    X*   0     Z* d  c $ ?    04  0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  6 _P   X*   6H _   Z* H  0޽h ? 3380___PPT10.4O 0^N0 PP0(  Px P c $$ `}   x P c $` `  H P 0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B +? 0^N0 ]U* (   x  c $0 `   x  c $l `    0~ p ,$D0 !KI. What is synoptic problem? An investigation into the existence and nature of the literary interrelationship among the first three gospels. Synoptic Gospels Matthew, Mark, Luke Parallel accounts Parallel accounts, parables Mostly in the same order Many of the same words Gospel of John: more independent presentation of the story!p !' L ;!p'K;p`PpH  0޽h ? 33rj___PPT10J.+ksD"' = @B D' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* L%(+ 0^N0 *` .(  ` x ` c $d0 `   x ` c $P `  N ` 0  ,$D0 Matthew, Mark and Luke the practice of placing their accounts in parallel columns of a Synopsis the high degree of similarity in the structure and wording of these Gospels the considerable variations in order and expression Synoptic problem !J  !H K4   p`Ppr ` 6|"`` ,$D0l @  ` @p ,$D0  `  # B`C8DE4FA| X0PHx8p `08 H  @    "`@(x tR `  6Z"` 0  H ` 0޽h ? 33___PPT10.+^-D' = @B De' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` a%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` a%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<*` %(+ 0^N0 + (   x  c $0 `   x  c $ `  \  0(  ,$D0 Definition of  Synoptic the term comes from two Greek words syn (sun): together optikos (optikoV): view Common point of view !$ A ! $ p`PpH  0޽h ? 33 z ___PPT10Z .+ksD2 ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* =%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* =Q%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* Qi%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* i~%(+ 0^N0  + (   ~  s *k0 `   ~  s *      0   Z &! p`Pp  0 6A ?`   H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10e.+D=' = @B + 0^N0 + $(   r  S %0 `   r  S & `  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.3+D=' = @B + 0^N0 + 0(   x  c $:0 `   x  c $`; `  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.3+D=' = @B + 0^N0 + 0(   x  c $0 `   x  c $ `  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.3+D=' = @B + 0^N0 +0(  x  c $0 `   x  c $d `  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.3+D=' = @B + 0^N0 +0(  x  c $0 `   x  c $\ `  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.3+D=' = @B + 0^N0 +$(  r  S (0 `   r  S 0 `S  H  0޽h ? 33___PPT10i.Pv+D=' = @B + 0^N0 p+ <(   x  c $0 `   x  c $ `    0~  ,$D0 pGospel Means good news In the 1st C. Greek, gospel meant a message from a king or a favorable report about a significant event Greek translators of the LXX used various forms of the word in such passages as Isaiah 40:9; 52:7; 61:1 which speak of a time of joy, peace and salvation through the intervention of God Jesus identified His own activities and teachings as  good news (Mt 11:5; Mk 1:14, 15) and called men to make sacrifices for His sake and for that  of the good news (Mk 8:35; 10:29)^!  p`PpH  0޽h ? 33 z ___PPT10Z .+ksD2 ' = @B D ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 9%(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* 9%(+  0^N0 NF+ (   x  c $܏0 `   x  c $p `    0  ,$D0 The rest of the NT, outside the evangelists, focuses its attention on the death and resurrection of Jesus as containing the  good news. All of Jesus s life and ministry was seen in the context of His death and resurrection.  p`PpH  0޽h ? 33___PPT10.+ksD~' = @B D9' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D4' =%(D' =%(D' =4@BBBB%(D' =1:Bvisible*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(+ 0^N0 + V(   r  S 0 `     S | `<$D0    B(GHF "` `,$D0 Regards the author of the text as editor (redactor) of his source material. Focuses on how the redactor has shaped and molded the narrative to express his theological goals. 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